Gardenia grandifloraCHAPTER XVIII. Colouring Matters of Unknown Constitution.

The Natural Organic Colouring Matters
By
Arthur George Perkin, F.R.S., F.R.S.E., F.I.C., professor of colour chemistry and dyeing in the University of Leeds
and
Arthur Ernest Everest, D.Sc., Ph.D., F.I.C., of the Wilton Research Laboratories; Late head of the Department of Coal-tar Colour Chemistry; Technical College, Huddersfield
Longmans, Green and Co.
39 Paternoster Row, London
Fourth Avenue & 30th Street, New York
Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras
1918

Kaikki kuvat (kemialliset kaavat) puuttuvat // None of the illustrations (of chemical formulas) included.

The fruit of the Gardenia grandiflora [Gardenia jasminoides], known as "Wongsky," is or was employed in China for dyeing yellow, as an assistant for the production of green colours, and in conjuction with safflower. According to Crookes ("Dyeing and Calico Printing," 422) it has not been much used in this country, and the yellow and orange colours it yields are of a somewhat fugitive character.

Rochleder and Mayer (J. pr. Chem., 74, 1) isolated from itpectin, the rubichloric acid (chlorogenin) which is present in Madder, Chayroot and Morinda root (loc, cit.), tannin, and a red amorphous colouring matter apparently identical with the crocin of saffron (Crocus sativus). Persoz obtained the colouring matter as a reddish crystalline mass (Crookes, loc, cit.), and found that this dyed cotton when mordanted with alumina, yellow, and when mordanted with iron an olive colour.

In Bancroft's "Philosophy of Permanent Colours," i., p. 285, mention is made of the use of the Gardenia florida by the Chinese for the dyeing of scarlet under the name of "unki".

The Decamalee or Dikamali gum, which is obtained in India from the Gardenia lucida [Gardenia resinifera], contains, according to Stenhouse and Groves (Annalen, 200, 311), Gardenin, C₁₄H₁₂O₆, melting-point 163-164°, and this was isolated as deep yellow crystals insoluble in water and alkaline solutions.