A Dictionary of Arts: Umber.

A Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines; containing A Clear Exposition of Their Principles and Practice

by Andrew Ure, M. D.;
F. R. S. M. G. S. Lond.: M. Acad. M. S. Philad.; S. PH. DOC. N. GERM. Ranow.; Mulh. Etc. Etc.

Illustrated with nearly fifteen hundred engravings on wood
Eleventh American, From The Last London Edition.
To which is appended, a Supplement of Recent Improvements to The Present Time.

New York: D Appleton & company, 200 Broadway. Philadelphia: George S. Appleton, 148 Chestnut St.
MDCCCXLVII

1847

UMBER, is a massive mineral; fracture large and flat; conchoidal in the great, very fine earthy in the small; dull; color, liver, chestnut, - dark yellowish brown; opaque; does not soil, but writes; adheres strongly to the tongue, feels a little rough and meagre, and is very soft; specific gravity 2.2. It occurs in beds with brown jasper in the Island of Cyprus, and is used by painters as a brown color, and to make varnish dry quickly.