23.5.23

Senna Leaves
(CHAPTER I. The Anthraquinone Group.)

The Natural Organic Colouring Matters
By
Arthur George Perkin, F.R.S., F.R.S.E., F.I.C., professor of colour chemistry and dyeing in the University of Leeds
and
Arthur Ernest Everest, D.Sc., Ph.D., F.I.C., of the Wilton Research Laboratories; Late head of the Department of Coal-tar Colour Chemistry; Technical College, Huddersfield
Longmans, Green and Co.
39 Paternoster Row, London
Fourth Avenue & 30th Street, New York
Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras
1918

Kaikki kuvat (kemialliset kaavat) puuttuvat // None of the illustrations (of chemical formulas) included.

Senna consists of the leaves of various species of cassia which are employed in medicine on account of their purgative properties. It has been the subject of numerous investigations and was long reputed to contain chrysophanic acid.

According to Tschirch and Hiepe (Arch. Pharm., 1900, 238, 427), these leaves contain gluco-sennin, a yellow crystalline substance, probably a glucoside of emodin, senna-emodin, C15H10O5, melting-point 223-224°, senna-iso-emodin, C15H10O5, and senna-chrysophanic acid, C15H10O4, which melts at 223-224°. Senna-rhamnetin, yellow needles, which does not melt below 260°, and a substance C14H10O5 are also present. Tutin (Chem. Soc. Trans., 1913, 103, 2006), who examined Tinnevelly, Lima and Peru senna leaves, C. angustifolia (Vahl), and the Alexandrian senna leaves, C. acutifolia (Delile), could not confirm the statements of Tschirch and Hiepe as to the presence of senna-iso-emodin or senna- chrysophanic acid.

The anthraquinone derivatives isolated consisted solely of aloe-emodin, C15H10O5, and rhein, C15H8O6, and these were present partly in the free condition and partly as glucosides. Senna leaves also contain kaempferol, C15H10O6 (see Delphinium consolida), and a new glucoside of this substance, kaempferin,C27H30O166H2O, melting-point 185-195°. In addition to the above-mentioned compounds, the senna leaves from Lima and Peru contained isorhamnetin, C16H12O7, identical with that first isolated by Perkin from the yellow wallflower (Chem. Soc. Trans., 1896, 69, 1658), and this is probably the so-called sennarhamnetin of Tschirch and Hiepe.

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