The Commercial Dictionary of Trade Products: A (väriin liittyvät sanat)

The Commercial Dictionary of Trade Products, Manufacturing and Technical Terms: with a Definition of the Moneys, Weights, and Measures, of All Countries, Reduced to the British Standard.

By P. L. Simmonds, F.R.G.S., F.S.S., author of "The Commercial Products of the Vegetable Kingdom," "Waste products and Undeveloped Substances," "The Curiosities of Food," etc., etc.

A New Edition, Revised and Enlarged.

London: George Routledge and Sons, the Broadway, Ludgate;
New York: 416, Broome Street.
1872.

A Al
an Indian name for the root of the Morinda citrifolia, a dyeing substance.

Abaesum
an oxide of iron formerly used in medicine.

Abaiser,
a name for ivory black, or animal charcoal.

Abir-ubeer,
a yellowish to red powder, with which the natives in the East stain their flesh and clothes.

Abraum,
a red ochre used to darken new mahogany.

Acacia,
the mimosa tribe of trees, which furnish to commerce various gums, ex-tracs, and barks for tanning.

Acetates,
crystallisable satls, formed by the combination of any salifiable base with acetic acid; thus there are acetates of copper, of lead, of potash, &c., which bear other names in commerce, as verdigris, sugar of lead, &c.

Ach,
an Indian name for the Morinda tinctoria, which furnishes a red dye-stuff.

Achiote,
an American name for the seeds of the annotto plant, Bixa orellana.

Achromatic Glasses,
object lenses which collect light without producing coloured images.

Agalla,
a Spanish name for the nut gall.

Aguajaque,
the Spanish name for a kind of gum ammoniac.

Aguerras,
the Spanish name for spirits of turpentine.

Ahak,
in India slaked lime.

Alamode,
fashionable; the name of a thin glossy black silk, formerly made, used chiefly for women's hood and men's scarfs.

Alnarium,
a pure white lime or stucco, obtained from burnt marble.

Albatre,
the French name for alabaster.

Albite,
a variety of feldspar.

Albumen,
a constituent of the animal and vegetable fluids and solids, which enters into commerce in a dried state; chiefly the albumen of the egg and of blood. The principal use of albumen is in photography, and in the print manufactories and Manchester and in other districts.

Albuminous,
consisting of albumen.

Algarovilla,
the agglutinated seeds and husks of the legumes of Prosopis pallida, occasionally imported in mass from Chile. It contains a good deal of tannin.

Alizari,
a name in France and Tripoli for madder-root.

Alizarine,
a fine red volatile colouring matter, in he form of crystals, found in madder, and which yields to Turkey-red dye.

Aljezon,
the Spanish name for gypsum.

Alkanet,
the commercial name for the root of Anchusa tinctoria, a species of bugloss, from the South of Europe and the Levant, which imparts an elegant red colour to oils, and is used for staining wood.

Alkermes,
a confection of kermes berries (Coccus ilicis), used in Tuscany, also imported as a liqueur.

Alkool,
a black dye used by females in eastern countries to tinge their eyelids. See Henna.

Alligazant,
a kind of black rosewood.

Almacija,
one of the Spanish names for mastic.

Almagra,
a purplish red ochre, formerly used in medicine and as a pigment.

Alum,
an efflorescence found in aluminous rocks and lava, used in medicine, and in various manufactures of leather, paper, dyeing, &c.

Alum, factitious,
a powerful astringent salt in crystals, a bisulphate of alumina and potash, used in medicine and dyeing; of which many thousand tonsa are annually manufactured.

Alumina,
a kind of earth, which consists of pure clay or argil; in its crystalline form it is the base of corundum, emery, and other ard polishing substances used in the arts; combinations of it yield fuller's earh, pipeclay, ochres, &c.,; a dye for calicoprinters is procured from it, and it enters intot the manufacture of porcelain.

Anatto,
one of the modes of spelling the dye-stuff Annotto.

Anileria,
the Spanish name for an indigo manufactory.

Animal charcoal,
principally carbonized bone, used by sugar-refiners and by iron-makers in blistering steel; when obtained cheap, it forms a valuable fertilizer for land.

Annotto,
a dye-stuff prepared from the red pulp of the seeds of the Bixa orellana, which enters into commerce under two forms, flag and roll.

Antimony-Yellow, a preparation of antimony, of a durable colour, used in enamel and porcelain painting.

Antique-Bronze,
an alloy of copper and tin, used for statuary, casts, &c.

Antwerp-Blue,
a colour rather lighter in tint than Prussian blue.

Antwerp-Brown,
a painter's colour made from asphaltum ground in drying oil.

Arang,
a Malay name for charcoal.

Arbol-a-brea,
a resin of a greenish-gray colour, obtained from the Canarium album in the Philippines.

Archil,
a violet red paste prepared from various lichens, such as Roccella tinctoria and fuciformis. The most esteemed comes from the Canaries and the Cape de Verde islands; it is extensively used for dyeing silks and woollens, but, although it imparts a beautiful colour, it lacks permanence; other products are called persio and cudbear. See Orchilla.

Arnotto,
see Annotto.

Asbolane,
an earthy black cobalt used in manufacture of smalt.

Asphaltum,
a mineral pitch or bitumen obtained from the Levant, America, and the West Indies; dormerly used for embalming, now chiefly employed by artists for a black coatings or varnish.

Avignon-berries,
the small yellow dyeing berries of commerce, the produce of the buckthorn, Rhamnus amagdalinus.

Azafran,
the Spanish name for Saffron.

Azure,
a pale but clear and brilliant blue colour; a name for ultramarine, formerly made from lapis lazuli, but now artificially composed.

Azure Spar,
a variety of lazulite or blue spar.

Azurite,
blue carbonate of copper, a valuable ore found in carious localities at home and abroad.

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Aliakoo,
a name in India for the Memecylon tinctorium, the flowers and leaves of which are used for dyeing.

Anil,
(Spanish), indigo.

Aniline,
a product obtained from coal-tar, the base of many beautiful dyes.

Antoof,
an oak fungus used in tanning, which is an article of commerce in Turkey, selling for about 1½d. per pound.

Apple-galls,
a commercial name for the Dead Sea apples, Solanum Sodomeum.