Dictionarium Polygraphicum. Black. (Värjäysohjeita)

Dictionarium Polygraphicum:
Or, The Whole Body of Arts Regularly Digested.
Vol I.
London: Printed for C. Hitch and C. Davis in Pater-noster Row, and S. Austen in St. Paul's Church Yard. MDCCXXXV.
1735 I. To dye BLACK.
Take six handfuls of alder-bark or alder-tops, more or less, made small, put them into a copper with a sufficient quantity of water, and boil them for an hour with a very good fire; then take them out and put in two pounds of nut-galls bruis'd small, one pound of sumach, and four ounces of log-wood, and boil them; then enter twenty yards of cloth and handle it, and boil it for four hours; then take it out and cool it, and put in a pound of copperas; which when it is melted enter the cloth again and handle it, then boil it an hour and cool it again; then put in two gallons of chamber-lye, and enter the cloth again, and let it boil for half an hour more, then take it out, cool it and wash it well.

II. To dye a Black upon blue.
Take about nine or ten gallons of water, as many ounces of nut-galls beaten: wool, woollen yarn or woollen cloth or flannel, to the weight of about three pounds: let them be boil'd for four hours; after which take the matter out and air it; then put into the liquor eighteen ounces of green copperas, and if there be not liquor enough left, put in more water, as much as will cover the stuff, &c. and boil it for two hours, handling it continually.
Then take it out and air it, then put it in again, and take it out again and air it, and put it in again till it is Black enough; after this cool and wash it.
But take notice if you put in some sumach with the galls, it will make a better Black.

III. Another Black dye.
Take fair water a sufficient quantity, of nut galls bruised a pound, of sumach half a pound; of alder bark and oak bark, of each a quarter of a pound; make them boil, which when the water, &c. begins so to do, put in a little cold water, to break the boiling; stir all well together and enter your cloth, letting it boil for three hours; after this take it out, and put in more fresh water, and make it boil again, adding to it a pound of copperas, which when it is dissolv’d put in your cloth again, and boil it two hours; then take it out  again, and put in some more copperas, and half a pound of ground logwood, make it boil and put in the cloth again, and let it boil an hour.
This quantity of drugs will dye five yards of broad-cloth, or ten yards of cloth three quarters wide.

IV. Another Black dye.
Take water a sufficient quantity, logwood ground, sumach of each a pound, of nut galls bruis'd small two pounds; boil them together for an hour, then enter the cloth, wool, yarn, &c. and when they have boil'd an hour take them out, cool and air them; then put in three pounds of copperas, let it melt, and then put in the cloth, wool, &c. again, and let it boil near an hour, then take it out and wash it.
These quantities of drugs will dye twenty pound weight of any of the former things.

V. Another to dye twenty yards of broad-cloth, &c.
Take water a sufficient quantity, and five handfuls of sumach, two handfuls of logwood ground, two handfuls of alder-bark bruis'd small, boil them all together; then put in your cloth, and let it boil three hours; then take it out, cool and air it, and make it Black with a sufficient quantity of copperas.

VI. Another Black for twenty yards of broad-cloth.
Take water a sufficient quantity, of nut galls bruis'd small two pounds, of alder-bark a pound an half, mix all together in the copper, and  set it a boiling, and when it does so put in the cloth, letting it boil for three hours; then take it out and let it cool; then put in half a pound of copperas, and when it boils, put in your cloth again and boil it for an hour more; handle it and boil it for an hour, then take it out and cool it; after which put in more copperas and some urine, then put the cloth in again, and boil it till it is Black enough.

VII. Another Black colour.
Take a sufficient quantity of water, and a pound of nut galls bruis'd small, of logwood ground and sumach half a pound, of alder-bark a quarter of a pound, make them boil and enter the cloth; then cool and air it, and then darken the colour as you desire it with a pound and half of copperas.
This quantity is enough for fourteen pounds of wool, yarn, cloth, &c.

VIII. To make a firm Black dye.
First wadd it with the blue (see DYING BLUE) then take water thirty quarts, one pound of galls bruis'd small, and of vitriol three pounds; first boil the galls and water with the stuff or cloth for two hours; then put in the copperas as a cooler; heat for one hour, after which take out the cloth or stuff, and cool it and put it in, boiling it for another hour; lastly, take it out again, cool it, and put it in once more.

IX. To recover the colour of Black-cloth when decay’d.
Boil the leaves of fig-trees well in water, wash the cloth in it, dry it in the sun, and it will be a much fairer Black.

To dye Martins skins with long hair of a very good Black, which never fades.
Take a sufficient quantity of water, two pounds of new nut galls, and two ounces of beef marrow; boil them in an earthen pot close covered, stirring often left the galls burn, and boil, till it makes no noise when you stir it, then beat it, and strain out:
Take of this liquor two pounds, copperas twelve ounces, roch allum twelve ounces, litharge eight ounces, verdegrease, sumach and sal armoniack of each four ounces; pound each of them small distinct by itself, then mix and boil them together, and keep the liquor to dye with.
But this is to be minded; before you apply the liquor, the skins must be wash'd two or three times in very pure, clear, lime water; and when you apply the dye you must do it with a pencil against the grains of the hair, and afterwards the other way too.
These skins when dry, differ little or nothing from sables. Some leave the verdegrease out, but it does no hurt to the liquor.

To dye cloth or stuff BLACK.
Take two pound of galls, half a pound of brazile, two pound and a half of madder; boil your cloth three hours with these, then take it out and cool it very well, and put in an ounce and half of sal armoniack, and boil the stuff gently for half an hour, rolling it upon the roller three times every quarter of an hour, then take it out and cool it; and afterwards add two pound and a half of copperas, one third part of a pound of brassle, a quarter of a pound of tallow; boil the stuff in it very well for an hour and a half, and it will be of a beautiful Black colour.

To dye woollen stuffs, &c. BLACK.
Put into a kettle two pound of galls, half a pound of brasile, two pounds and half of madder, with which boil the stuff for three hours; then take it out and cool it very well; then add an ounce and half of sal armoniack, and boil the stuff gently half an hour, rolling it upon the roller three times every quarter of an hour; then take it out and cool it; and afterwards add two pounds and a half of copperas, five or six ounces of brasile, and a quarter of a pound of tallow; boil the stuff very well in it for an hour and a hals, and it will be of a beautiful Black colour.

Another BLACK dye.
Fill a kettle with very clear water, in order for dying ten pieces of frize or coarse stuff, put in it two pound and a half of right Turkish galls, and a pound and half of brown wood or walnut-tree; boil them very well together, then put in the stuffs and let them boil two hours, and also lie a whole night in the liquor; take them out, and if you have any old dye suds, that have been us’d before, pour it to the gall liquor, and add two pound of copperas; let them be boil'd well, then put in these stuffs; let them be boil'd for two hours, and afterwards left a whole night in the liquor, then rinse them out, and hang them up to dry carefully and nicely, if it be in a kiln or stove it will be so much the better; then rub them with a pumice stone, and smooth them very well, then pour the dye out of the kettle and keep it, and repeat the operation mentioned in every particular; iron the stuff a little with a hot iron, and after you have done this, take water and two pound and half of Turkey galls, one pound and a half of brown wood, and dye them a third time after the same manner, and they will be Black enough.
But if you would have the dye more Black and beautiful, take a kettle full of fair clear water, put into it half a pound of calcin’d vitriol, and one pound of tartar, boil the stuffs in this liquor for an hour, then rinse them out, and put fresh water into the kettle, and for every piece of twelve ells, put in half a pound of brown wood, and boil the stuffs half an hour; and if you would have the Black yet finer and better, then dye it once in the following soot dye

The soot dye.
Gall the stuff with alder-bark and galls for three hours, and add lye and suds to blacken the gall dye; boil the stuff in the liquor for 2 hours; then add copperas and leave the ware in a whole night, and then rinse it out.

To dye the Hamburg BLACK.
It is to be suppos'd, that the stuffs have been first blued with woad or indigo, in a manner that is lasting. Take twelve ounces of tartar, one pound of vitriol, boil the stuffs in it for two hours, then rinse it clean and dry it.

Blue it as follows. If your dye be either woad or indigo, yet you must give the stuffs a deep ground, which will give them a brighter luster.
For the second blue, boil woad and brown wood, and blue the stuff to the depth of indigo, or to a sort of iron grey, after which, it will be easy to dye it black; but the nicety lies in the bluing. After the bluing, the stuff must be rinsed clean, and dried again. Then follows -
The Galling. Take six ounces of galls, two ounces of madder, a quarter of an ounce of calcin'd tartar, and therewith gall the stuff for the space of an hour, not rinsed but dry’d; and then gall'd a second time, the suds being a little strengthened, or helped, as followeth.
The second galling. Add half an ounce of galls to the re maining suds, and half an ounce of madder, one ounce of calcin'd vitriol, one ounce, not yet, of gum arabick; when you have done this, before the stuff is rins'd or dried, it must be
Blackened in the gall liquor as followeth. Boil the liquor, then take one pound of vitriol, first dissolv’d in spring water, which must be pour’d into the dye; then add to the alder-black half an ounce of galls, one ounce of madder, one ounce of white gum, one dram of mastick; and after the stuff has been died black in the dye, rinse it out clean and dry it, now as well as after the second blacking, which is to be done as followeth.
Take half a pound of vitriol, and immediately afterwards half an ounce of galls, one dram of massick, half an ounce of gum tragacanth, and both times let the stuff be an hour a blackening, till it hath got a lasting dye; and besides all you may if you please add some brown-wood to give it the better lustre, and preserve it from spoiling.

The way of dying stuffs, the sumach dye, so as it shall be very lasting.
Put the eight following drugs into a large vessel, viz. eight pound of sumach, eight pound of alder-bark, twelve pound of oak shavings, nine pound of vitriol of copperas, two pound of wild or bastard marjoram, six pound of filings of iron, and as much lye as is necessary, six pound of walnut-tree leaves, half a pound of calcin'd tartar, two pound of salt, and four pound of small shot; put all these in when the water is hot, taking care that the vessel is full, and look after it daily.
First boil the stuff in the preparatory suds, compos'd of three quarters of a pound of tartar, and one pound of vitriol, for the space of an hour and half; then rinse and dry it, then follows the galling.
Take one pound and a half of sumach, four ounces of madder, an ounce and half of calcin'd salt petre, one dram of salarmo niack, an ounce and half of vitriol, half an ounce of calcin'd tartar; divide these drugs into two parts, and take two parts of galls also; put in the stuffs, take them out, but do not rinse them, and hang them up to dry; then follows
The Blackening. Fill the sumach copper with prepar'd dye, twice or thrice, and for every time add four ounces of vitriol, two ounces of sumach, one ounce of gum arabick; and the last time superadd half an ounce of gum tragacanth, and a dram of mastick.
The stuff may be also boil'd with brown-wood, by adding six ounces of it to the first suds, as also half an ounce of gum galbanum, and an ounce of calcin'd tartar and vitriol mixt together.

The preparation of the SOOT BLACK, dye.
This dye is prepar'd and wrought the same way as the sumach dye; except ing that the ingredients are different.
The drugs of it are as follow. Take eight pounds of alder bark, six pound of soot, oak-shavings or saw-dust, five pound of vitriol, one pound of wild-majoram, three pound of brown-wood, twelve ounces of calcin’d alum and vitriol mixt together, two pound of filings, as much lye as is necessary, and five pound of walnut shells, if they are to be had.
Put all these in when the water is boiling hot, as in the so mach dye, and the stuff having been first of all prepar’d by boil ing it an hour with six ounces of tartar, and half a pound of vitriol, and rinsed and dry’d; then gall it as follows,
With two ounces and a quarter of galls, and three quarters of an ounce of calcin'd salt-petre and vitriol mixt with this liquor.
It must be gall'd but once and not rinsed, but dried.
Then dye it as follows. Fill a kettle at two or three times, letting the liquor boil an hour every time, adding every time an ounce and half of vitriol, and two ounces of soot, half an ounce of gum arabick, and the last time a quarter of an ounce of gum tragacanth, half a dram of mastick, and a quarter of a pound of salt.
The stuffs may be also blackened with brown-wood.
The Brown-wood dye is thus: Take four ounces of Brown wood first boil'd, a quarter of an ounce of gum albanum, half an ounce of calcin'd salt-petre and vitriol mixt together, and you will have a good Black.

To dye GREEN Thread BLACK.
Take a proper quantity of sharp lye; and put into it three quarters of a pound of brazile-wood, boil them together, and afterwards pour the liquor into a vat, and add gum arabick, alum and verdegrease, of each one ounce; then put in the Green Thread, let it lie for the space of one whole night, and it will become Black.

To dye SILK BLACK.
Pour three pails of water into a copper, and add two pound of beaten galls, and two pound of sumach, and two ounces of madder, four ounces of antimony reduc’d to an impalpable powder, two ox galls, one ounce of gum tragacanth; let them dissolve a proper time, and then put in a proper quantity of dry alder-bark powdered, two pound of vitriol, and twelve ounces of filings of iron; then pour off the water as above, and let them boil together two hours; after which, fill it up with half a pail full of barley or rather malt water, which is drawn off by brewers; let it boil again half an hour, then put in the silk; let it boil gently for half an hour, then take it out and rinse it in a copper full of water, and throw it again into the dye; and afterwards when you take it out, rinse it pure clean in river water; hang it up in the air to dye, then put it into the dye again, and boil it gently for half an hour as before; rinse it also in the copper as before, and afterwards in river water, and when it is dry, take good lye, and add to it the eighth part of a pound of good pot-ashes, rinse the silk very well in this liquor, and lastly in river water, then dry it, &c. This dye will also dye all sorts of woollen stuffs.

An additional improvement to the former dye.
Having dy'd the silks Black as above, then take sal armoniack and antimony powdered two ounces, filings of iron two handfuls; put them together in a copper, that has been drawn off, and hath been us’d before; make it so hot that you cannot bear your hand in it, that this compound help to the dye may the better penetrate.
Then take the Black silk having been well dry’d and put it into the copper; let it lie there for an hour till it is thoroughly moistened, then draw it through water in which a proper quantity of gum tragacanth has been dissolv’d, taking care that it be thoroughly wetted, then dry it as usual.

To give a luftre to Black silks.
After the silk has been dy'd, for every pound of it take an ounce of ising-glass, which steep in water and pass the silk through the liquor, and it will be of a very beautiful lustre.

To dye SILK of a very fine BLACK.
Take a copper of a tun of water, put in three quarters of a sack of bark, three pound of Provence wood, three pound of sumach, boil them for two hours, then strain them into a fat, throw away the dregs and fill up the copper again; and then add seven pound and a half of beaten galls, half a pound of agaric, and a pound and half of pomegranate shells, a pound of calamus, a pound and half of senna leaves, a pound of gentian, and the same quantity of marjoram; boil all these together for two hours, strain the liquor through a sieve into the other dye, and let it digest for four days, stirring it of ten, and then put it into the copper in which you intend to dye; make a fire under it, and when it is hot, put in a pail full of lye, and boil all together very well, and when this is done, add half a pound of antimony, two pound of honey, a quarter of a pound of borax, half a pound of litharge of silver, and a quarter of a pound of litharge of gold, and half a pound of verdogrease; beat these together and put them into the kettle, and when the dye is warm, throw in fifteen pound of locksmith's filings, ten pound of gum, and ten pound of copperas, and let these ingredients stand to settle eight days, stirring it, as occasion requires; and after this you may dye with it, first putting in a pint of brandy.

A receipt to make a dye good.
When it shall happen that the dye begins to work off, you ought to consider what time of the month it was made, and what time work'd; then put three pailfuls of water into a kettle, and add to it two ounces of borax, half a pound of agaric, and a quarter of a pound of litharge of silver; four ounces of madder, half a pint of brandy, and a quarter of a pound of verdegrease; boil these all together for an hour, and then put them into the dye, and let it stand to settle for a fortnight, stirring it often.
Then make a liquor of two pound of senna leaves, two pound of gentian, one pound of agaric, two pomegranate shells, boil them together for two hours, and then pour them into the dye; when this has been done the dye will remain good for a hundred years; and the longer you dye with it, it will yield the finer Black colour; but then particular care must be taken that no soot get into it, for that will spoil it past all help.
But if any grease or tallow happens to fall into the dye, let it cool and take it clean out, and if you cannot see it, make the ladle red hot and stir the dye about, and that will consume or burn up any greasiness; also fill two or three canvas bags with bran, and hang them in the dye while it is hot, and let it continue two or three hours, then take out the bags, and cover the dye with brown paper; and that will attract all the greasiness of it.
But when the dye begins to decay, whenever you dye, you must strengthen and refresh it in the morning with six pound of gum, six pound of copperas, four pound of filings, and a quar ter of a pail of lye, then dye with it three days, six pound of silk at a time.
When the silk is dy’d it must be boil'd, and galled as follows:
To every pound of silk take twelve ounces of galls, and boil them two hours, then wring the silk; and lay it in the liquor for two nights and a day.

A BLACK dye for re-dying hats or any thing that has lost its Black colour.
Take half a pound of blue Provence wood, boil it in a pint of strong beer, till half of it be consumed; then add half a pound of vitriol, and an ounce of verdegrease, then take out the wood, and put in a quarter of an ounce of gum tragacanth; let it stand, and when you have occasion to use it, dye a little brush in it, and so streak it over the Hat wool or silk, and it will give a fine lasting Black.