The Commercial Dictionary of Trade Products: R, S (väriin liittyvät sanat)

The Commercial Dictionary of Trade Products, Manufacturing and Technical Terms: with a Definition of the Moneys, Weights, and Measures, of All Countries, Reduced to the British Standard.

By P. L. Simmonds, F.R.G.S., F.S.S., author of "The Commercial Products of the Vegetable Kingdom," "Waste products and Undeveloped Substances," "The Curiosities of Food," etc., etc.

A New Edition, Revised and Enlarged.

London: George Routledge and Sons, the Broadway, Ludgate;
New York: 416, Broome Street.
1872.

Realgar,
one of the names of bisulphide of arsenic; red orpiment.

Red,
one of the primitive colours, of which the chief commercial varieties are fine Venetian, red lead, orange, Indian red, and vermilion.

Red-chalk, Reddle,
a soft form of sesquioxide of iron used as a crayon in draqing.

Reddle,
see Red-chalk.

Red-lead,
a pigment. See Minium.

Red Ochre,
see Red-Chalk.

Red-Root,
see Blood-root.

Red Sanders-wood,
an East Indian dye-wood, the procude of the Pterocarpus santalinus, a hard heavy wood imported from Madras and Calcutta. In 1856 117,901 Indian maunds (86 426 tons) of this wood were shipped from Madras. Besides its use as a dye-wood it is employed as the basis of various dentifrise mixtures.

Red-stuff,
a name among watchmakers for some kinds of crocus, or the prepared powder from oxide of iron.

Red-vitriol,
sulphate of iron.

Resins,
various alkaline bases, or oxides of essential oils. The acid resins comprise rosin, dammar, gamboge, sandarac, benzoin, lac, &c.; the neutral resins elemi, guaiacum, dragon's-blood, and storax. They will be found described under their special heads.

Resist,
a sort of paste or mixture used in print-dyeing, to keep the portions white, when the fabric is dipped in the dye-vat.

Roucou, Roucouyer,
Spanish names for arnotto, the Bixa orellana.

Rouge,
a scarlet powder made from crystals of sulphate or iron, and used for polishing hold or silver; a colouring substance used by females for painting their faces, consisting of carthamine, the colouring principle of safflower, mixed with powdered talc. See Crocus.

Rouge and Carmine Maker,
a preparer of those colours.

Ruby-wood,
a name for red sanders.wood.

Ruddle,
red ochre.

Russia-leather,
fine curried leather, which has a peculiar smell, from being impregnated with an empyreumatic oil obtained from birch bark. The tanned hides of young oxen, coloured red, white, or black, are imported from Russia in rolls of about 10 hides. About 20,000 lbs. were imported in 1855.

Safflower,
the bastard saffron, the produce of the florets of the Carthamus tinctorius, largely imported as a dye-stuff. The seeds, yielding an abundance of fixed oil, are also imported for crushing.

Saddron,
a commercial name for the dried stigmata of the flowers of the Crocus sativus. These are picked out, dried on paper in a kiln, or by the sun, and sold either compressed into cakes, or as hay saffron. Cake saffron, as now met with, contains none of the real article, being prepared from the florets of the saffron made into a paste with gum-water. Saffron is used as a colouring principle, and an ingredient in several culinary preparations. We imported 11,000 lbs. in 1855.

Sakur,
an Indian name for small rounded astringent galls, formed on some species of Tamarix, which are used in medicine and dyeing.

Sandal-wood,
an odoriferous wood, the produce of several species of Santalum, in India and the Pacific Islands, of which there are two commercial kinds, the white, probably the outer layers of the wood, and the yellow, or citron, the inner wood. The odour is very strong, rose-like,a nd enduring. The essential oil, to which this odour is due, is extensively used for the adulteration of attar of roses. Sandalwood is very hard, heavy, and susceptible of a fine polish, and extensively used by cabinet-makers, in the fabrication of various articles of ornamental furniture. Sandal-wood is also a name among the Russians for the red wood of the Rhamnus dahurscus, used for dyeing leather.

Sanders-wood,
a red dye-wood obtained from Pterocarpus santalinus. See Red Sanders-wood.

Sand-dragon (French); Sanguis Draconis,
the Latin and pharmaneutical names for dragon's-blood.

Sapan-wood,
a dye-wood obtained in Malabar, and the islands of the Eastern seas, from the Cæsalpinia sappan, C. coriaria, and pulcherima. A decoction of the wood is used by calico-printers for red dyes.

Sap-green,
a vegetable pigment composed of the colouring matter of the berries of the Rhamnus carharticus, and lime.

Saxon-blue,
the sulphate of indigo.

Scarlet,
a bright red colour, so named.

Sealing-wax,
an adhesive resinous substance, made for sealing letters and documents, and covering the corks of bottles. The chief components of sealing-wax are shell-lac resin, and turpentine. In making red-wax, cinnabar is added, and for black wax, levigated ivory black.

Seaside-grape,
the Coccoloba unifera: the leaves, wood, and bark, are extremely astringent, and afford an extract termed Jamaica kino. The wood gives red dye.

Seed-lac,
small fragments of lac-resin, from which the colouring matter has been removed by boiling.

Sepia,
a brown colour originally obtained from the ink-bag of a species of cuttle-fish.

Sepia Draqing, a neutral tinted picture coloured with sepia.

Shellac,
crude lac resin melted into plates. See lac.

Silwerweed,
the popular name of the Potentilla anserina, a roadside weed, the roots of which, being extremely astringent, are sometimes used for tanning, and the distilled water is employed as a cosmetic.

Smalts,
a vitreous substance obtained by melting together zaffres, a regulus of cobalt, potash and siliceous matter, and grinding the produce to a fine powder, commercially known as powder-blue. It is employed to give a blue tinge to writing-paper, linen, and starch, and, not being affected by fire, is much employed in painting earthenware. Some is made in this country, but the bulk used, about 60 tons a-year, comes from Holland.

Smoke-black,
a substance prepared by the combustion of different resinous bodies, especially of pitch in large pans under a dome or chimney; within this cloths are suspended to which the soot becomes attached. This pecies of carbon is employed only in the arts; in the manufacture of printers' ink, or blacking for shoes, &c.

Soorma,
a sulphuret of antimony, with which Indian women anoint the eyelids.

Spanish black
a powder obtained by burning cork in close vessels.

Sumach, shumac,
the dried and chopped leaves and shoots of the Rhus coriaria, a shrub growing in Southern Europe. When ground to powder in a mill, sumach is largely used for dyeing and tanning. The colouring matter is yellow. Our imports, average about 18,000 tons per annum.



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Relbum,
a name for the roots of Calceolaria arachnoidea which are largely collected in Chili for dyeing woollen cloths crimson.

Roum,
a blue dye-stuff of Assam, obtained from a species of Ruellia.

Sahtian,
a yellow dyed leather made from goat skins in Roumelia.

Salampores,
dyed long.cloths, generally blue, made in pieces of about 18 yards.

Sienna,
a brown pigment; a brown mottled marble.

Sileslas,
dyed calicoes.

Sindoor,
a name for vermilion in Bengal.

Suringes,
the flower buds of Calysaccion longifolium, collected in India for dyeing silk yellow.